Tia Gbegbɔgblɔ . 
Ne wole adzɔnuwo wɔm na ŋutilã me kadodo si me nuteɖeamedzi geɖe le la, kuxi vevitɔ kekeakee nye mɔxexe ɖe nuwo ƒe ɖeɖiteameŋu nu. Le aƒemelãwo ƒe nuwɔna ƒe xexeame la, . avu ƒe fefenu siwo wotsɔ rababa wɔ dɔ sesẽwoe subɔna abe elastomer si kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe ame dzi ƒe kpɔɖeŋu vevitɔ ene. Wotsɔa fefenu siawo dea "point loading" me—si nye aƒemelã ƒe aɖu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ si me woƒoa nu tsoe—si ana plastik siwo wozãna ɖaa nagbã alo rababa siwo ƒe nyonyome mede o navuvu.
Elastomers siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ame dzi ŋutɔ zazã kpɔa esia gbɔ to xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ aɖe dzi. Esi wònye be kadodo sesẽ le nu siawo si le molecule kɔsɔkɔsɔ siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe dome ta la, ŋusẽ si dona tso lãvi aɖe me la ma ɖe polymer matrix bliboa me tsɔ wu be wòaƒo ƒu ɖe teƒe si wòdze wo dzi le. "Ŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu" sia nye dzadzraɖo mɔ̃ɖaŋununya deŋgɔ ƒe dzesi. To egbɔkpɔkpɔ be nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si le ahuhɔ̃e me ƒe tɔtrɔ me mede o me la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo wɔa fefenu aɖe si nɔa te ɖe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe nu dzi eɖanye nuto ka mee wòle o. Eɖanye fefenu siae wozã le megbexɔ si me tsikpe le alo tsaɖibɔ si me ŋdɔ ʋuna le o, eƒe ŋusẽ gã la nɔa anyi ɖaa, si wɔnɛ be kakɛ ɖaɖɛ siwo me afɔku le la medzɔna o.
Goma Avũ Fefenuwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Ŋusẽtɔ Na Chewers Dzikulawo
Le asitsaƒea ƒe akpa sue aɖe koŋ gome—"ŋusẽ ɖula"—la, alesi wònɔa anyi didina le ɖoɖo nu mesɔ gbɔ o. Elastomers siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe zazã le avu ƒe fefenu siwo wotsɔ rababa wɔ na amesiwo ɖua nu adãtɔe bia be woalé fɔ ɖe "dzoxɔxɔ sue ƒe dzidziɖedzi" ŋu. Ne avu le nu ɖum atraɖii la, ememe ƒe ʋuʋu le nusi wotsɔ wɔe me ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ naƒo ƒu, si zi geɖe la, elastomer siwo wozãna ɖaa la fa eye wògbɔdzɔna.
Gake wotrɔ asi le elastomers siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ŋu be woƒe ŋusẽ nanyo ŋutɔ. Woléa woƒe ŋusẽ gã la me ɖe asi le dzoxɔxɔ gã me, si fia be fefenua ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe blibonyenye megblẽna le fefenu ɖuɖu sesẽ me o. Wokpɔa dzoxɔxɔ ƒe liƒo sia to dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ pɛpɛpɛ le nusi wotsɔ wɔe la dzadzraɖo me. To asitɔtrɔ le molecule ƒe kpekpeme mama ŋu me la, adzɔnuwo wɔlawo ateŋu awɔ nusi ase le eɖokui me be "fa" ale gbegbe be wòawɔ dɔ ɖe lãa dzi gake eƒe molecule "sesẽ" ale gbegbe be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe toɖeɖe nu. Dadasɔ sia si le elasticity si lolo kple tensile strength me ye nana fefenu siawo nɔa agbe ɣleti geɖe le ŋlɔmiwɔwɔ me le afisi bubuwo doa kpo nu le aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo ko me.
Viɖe Siwo Le Avũ Fefewɔnu Siwo Wotsɔ Goma Sesẽ Wɔe ƒe Xɔtuɖoɖo Ŋu
Le dɔwɔƒewo kple nuƒlelawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ geɖe me la, akpa aɖe ƒe "sesẽ" ƒe nɔnɔmee nye eƒe ŋusẽ gãtɔ kekeake. Avu ƒe fefenu sesẽ siwo wotsɔ rababa wɔe zã elastomers siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ame dzi ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme tsɔ naa kpekpeme kple asikaka nyaŋuɖoɖo si fefenu siwo me do le mate ŋu asɔ kple wo nɔewo o. Le eŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, nusiwo gblẽa nu ŋutɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ sesẽ aɖe wɔa dɔ abe nusi xea mɔ na ʋuʋudedi ene.
Dzadzraɖo mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si wozãna na nɔnɔme sesẽ siawo kpɔa egbɔ be ya ƒe kotoku alo "vovo" siwo ate ŋu anye kpododonu ƒe teƒe aɖeke mele eme o. Esi wònye be nusi wotsɔ wɔe la ɖo RoHS 2.0, REACH, kple dzidzenu siwo me PFAS mele o gbɔ ta la, fefenua ƒe kpekpeme gã la megblẽa nu le atikewo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu o. Xɔtuɖoɖo sesẽa ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu atsɔ anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ—abe do goglowo alo nu siwo wodo ɖe dzi ene—siwo gakpɔtɔ wɔa dɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la awɔ ɖeka. Le nɔnɔme si me ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ, abe fefenu si wotsɔ ƒu gbe ɖe kɔkrit gli ŋu alo esi aɖu sesẽwo lée ene me la, elastomer sesẽ la léa eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi eye "gagbugbɔna" le elasticity gã si le eƒe molecule ƒe wɔwɔme me ta.
Nutome ƒe Sedziwɔwɔ le Rubber Aƒemelãwo ƒe Fefenuwo Me
Ele be nu ɖesiaɖe zazã le aƒeme nabu dedienɔnɔ kple nutome ƒe sewo ŋu. Elastomer nu siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe ame dzi la le ŋgɔgbe le "amadede dzẽ" polymer ƒe atikewɔwɔ me. Le ewɔwɔ me la rababa aƒemelãwo ƒe fefenuwo , ele vevie be nusi wotsɔ wɔe la nagaɖe atike siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la ɖa o.
To PAHs, POPs, TSCA, kple REACH ƒe sededewo dzi wɔwɔ me la, elastomer siawo naa atike si me aɖi mele o si woate ŋu azã ɖe PVC alo rababa siwo wotsɔ atike wɔe tsã teƒe. Esia le vevie ŋutɔ na atike siwo nɔa aƒemelã ƒe nu me enuenu. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si wotsɔ dzraa nuwo ɖo la ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu awɔ nusiwo wɔa dɔ nyuie evɔ mehiã be woatsɔ aɖinuwo alo ga kpekpewo awɔ nusiwo li ke o. Eyata "ŋusẽ gã" si le nusi wotsɔ wɔe ŋu sɔ kple eƒe "dedienɔnɔ gã" si wɔe be wònye nusi sɔ nyuie na nusiwo hiã ŋutilã me sesẽ kple nugbagbewo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ siaa.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Liƒo Kple Elasticity Kɔkɔ le Gome Fefe me
Nusiwo wɔa dɔ ɖe ame dzi wu le elastomers siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ zazã me dometɔ ɖekae nye woƒe dɔwɔwɔ le yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo me. Zi geɖe la, rababa si wozãna tsã la sesẽna eye wògbãna le vuvɔ me, alo wòzua aŋɔ eye wògbɔdzɔna le dzoxɔxɔ me. Gake wotrɔ asi le elastomer siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ ŋu be woalé elasticity gã me ɖe asi le dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ me eye ŋusẽ gã nanɔ wo ŋu le dzoxɔxɔ gã me.
Nɔnɔme sia le vevie na... avu ƒe fefenu siwo wotsɔ rababa wɔ dɔ sesẽwoe si woɖo be woazã le gota. Le vuvɔŋɔli ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme me la, fefenu si wotsɔ nu siawo wɔ la magbã ne wodae ɖe anyigba si xɔ dzo dzi o. Le go bubu me la, le dzomeŋɔli ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me la, nusi wotsɔ wɔe la mabu eƒe "snap" alo azu fafɛ si me afɔku le o. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe didime sia si keke ta le dɔwɔwɔ me la tso molecule ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe siwo te ŋu ʋãna faa evɔ womebu woƒe molecule dome kadodowo o gbɔ. Esia wɔnɛ be woate ŋu agblɔ atike la ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖi eye wòle dedie ŋkeke 365 le ƒea me, eɖanye anyigba ka kee ɖale eŋu o.
Ne wole adzɔnuwo wɔm na ŋutilã me kadodo si me nuteɖeamedzi geɖe le la, kuxi vevitɔ kekeakee nye mɔxexe ɖe nuwo ƒe ɖeɖiteameŋu nu.
